How to Write the IB English Paper 2 Essay, Step by Step

Writing Paper 2 for the IB English exam can be challenging, but a clear structure and a strategic approach will help you tackle it effectively. Paper 2 requires a comparative essay in which you analyse two of the works you have studied in response to one of four general questions, written in 1 hour 45 minutes at both SL and HL. For the full format and rubric, see our complete Paper 2 guide. The key to success lies in understanding the assessment criteria, planning thoroughly, and structuring your essay with strong arguments, relevant evidence, and insightful comparisons. Below, we provide a step-by-step guide to help you excel.

Step 1: Breaking Down the Question

The first step is to thoroughly analyze the question. Paper 2 questions typically ask you to compare two or more works based on themes, literary techniques, characters, or other elements. Carefully identify the keywords in the question to understand the specific focus. For example, a question might ask you to compare how two authors present a particular theme, such as "How do the authors of the chosen works explore the theme of isolation?" In this case, your focus should be on how each work portrays isolation, using concrete examples to support your analysis.

Step 2: Brainstorming and Planning

Once you understand the question, take time to brainstorm your ideas. Learn more about brainstorming techniques. Create a mind map or comparative chart to organize your thoughts. List the works you'll be analyzing and note points related to characters, settings, symbols, or language that are relevant to the question. Identify both similarities and differences in how the texts address the theme.

For example, if you are comparing the portrayal of isolation in The Great Gatsby and The Catcher in the Rye, you might note how Jay Gatsby's physical isolation—despite his extravagant parties—contrasts with Holden Caulfield's mental isolation from society. A mind map will help you visualize these comparisons and guide the structure of your essay.

Step 3: Crafting Your Thesis

Your thesis statement forms the backbone of your essay. For more tips on crafting a strong thesis, visit Harvard Writing Center. It should clearly outline your main argument and how you will compare the two works in response to the question. For example:

This thesis provides a clear direction for your essay and emphasizes the unique approaches each author takes toward the theme of isolation.

Step 4: Structuring Your Essay

A solid structure is crucial for a successful comparative essay. Check out Purdue OWL's guide on essay writing for detailed advice. The typical structure includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.

Introduction

Start with a hook that introduces the theme or question. Provide context for the literary works you're discussing and conclude your introduction with your thesis statement. For example:

Body Paragraphs

Each body paragraph should focus on a particular point of comparison, ideally addressing both works within the same paragraph to maintain balance. Use topic sentences to introduce the main idea of each paragraph, and include specific examples and quotations from the texts to support your analysis. Be sure to analyze how each author's choices—such as imagery, language, or narrative voice—convey the theme and its impact on the characters.

For instance, in a paragraph about character portrayal, you might discuss how Gatsby's isolation is portrayed through his relationship with Daisy and his obsession with wealth, whereas Holden's isolation is depicted through his disdain for societal norms and rejection of adult relationships. Use comparative language such as "similarly," "in contrast," or "unlike" to maintain a clear focus on the connections between the texts.

Conclusion

Conclude your essay by summarizing your main arguments and reinforcing how they support your thesis. Reflect on the broader implications of the theme within both works. For example:

Step 5: Writing with Comparative Language

Effective comparative language is crucial for Paper 2. Use phrases like "similarly," "both," "in contrast," and "on the other hand" to clearly express the similarities and differences between the works. For example:

Step 6: Reviewing Your Essay

Take time to review your essay. For editing and proofreading strategies, visit UNC Writing Center. Ensure that each paragraph relates back to your thesis and that your analysis is well-supported with evidence from the texts. Look for opportunities to deepen your comparisons and clarify your arguments.

Example Comparison

Let's examine an example to make this clearer. Suppose you are asked to compare the portrayal of wealth in The Great Gatsby and Death of a Salesman. You might write a body paragraph like this:

Final Tips

• Stick to the question: Ensure that every paragraph clearly relates back to the question and your thesis.
• Balance your analysis: Give equal attention to each work throughout the essay.
• Use literary terminology: This strengthens your analysis and demonstrates a deeper understanding of authorial choices.

With practice and careful planning, you can develop the skills to write a compelling Paper 2 essay that effectively compares literary works and provides insightful analysis. Next, read a complete marked sample essay and our guide to using quotations from memory.